Scientists studying how microbes evolve have long assumed that nearly all new genetic mutations get passed down at a predictable pace and usually without either helping or hurting the microbe in ...

The search space for protein engineering grows exponentially with complexity. A protein of just 100 amino acids has 20100 ...

As bacteria become increasingly (and worryingly) resistant to antibiotics, scientists are recruiting bacteriophages—a bacteria’s sworn evolutionary enemy—to fight against these troublesome “superbugs.

ANN ARBOR—For a long time, evolutionary biologists have thought that the genetic mutations that drive the evolution of genes and proteins are largely neutral: they're neither good nor bad, but just ...

When people donate blood, stem cells in the bone marrow make new blood cells to replace what was lost. This stress can drive the selection of certain clones—groups of blood cells with a slightly ...