In 1923, the year C&EN was born, Gilbert N. Lewis of the University of California, Berkeley, published a book titled “Valence and the Structure of Atoms and Molecules.” In the text, Lewis laid out the ...

Whether in our bodies or in fuel cells, phosphoric acid plays an important role in many chemical processes because it is ...

The chemical bond is defined, and students learn to distinguish between ionic and covalent Introduction to Bonding: The chemical bond is defined, and students learn to distinguish between ionic, ...

Could helium molecules form in very high magnetic fields? In the extreme magnetic fields of white dwarves and neutron stars, a third type of chemical bonding can occur. That is the finding of ...

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) with a frequency modulation technique 1 has proven successful for imaging various sample surfaces at high resolution 2,3. Since the first-reported use of AFM to image the ...

"SOMETIMES IT SEEMS to me that a bond between two atoms has become so real, so tangible, so friendly, that I can almost see it. Then I awake with a little shock, for a chemical bond is not a real ...

Plutonium has captured the attention of scientists since its discovery in the early 1940s. This enigmatic element has an important role to play in emerging energy technologies like nuclear batteries ...

Scientists have produced remarkable images of carbon atoms and the bonds among them. Resembling glowing textbook diagrams, hydrocarbon molecules are shown in high resolution for the first time before ...

The chemical rearrangement of oligo-(phenylene-1,2-ethynylenes) as seen in the microscope image (top) and the stick diagram of the molecular structure. de Oteyza et al It’s one of the most basic ...

Microscopy is advancing in leaps and bounds these days. It was just last week that scientists produced the first image of a hydrogen atom’s orbital structure. Not to be outdone, Berkeley chemists have ...

Chemistry has many laws, one of which is that the rate of a reaction speeds up as temperature rises. So, in 1989, when chemists experimenting at a nuclear accelerator in Vancouver observed that a ...