Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

All sorts of physical processes in this analog world exhibit some degree of randomness. Think of noise, for example. Many noisy processes are described by Gaussian probability distributions. We should ...

In mathematics and statistics, a probability distribution, more properly called a probability density, assigns to every interval of the real numbers a probability, so that the probability axioms are ...

Students of statistics and researchers in search of a stats review will appreciate the Probability-Distributions app designed by Dr. Matthew Bognar at the University of Iowa. The app includes ...

Circular statistics is a specialised subfield of statistics that focuses on analysing data points distributed on a circle. Unlike conventional linear statistics, circular data is characterised by ...

Jason Fernando is a professional investor and writer who enjoys tackling and communicating complex business and financial problems. Somer G. Anderson is CPA, doctor of accounting, and an accounting ...

Since releasing this working paper, the authors have published an update to their work in the journal Climate Risk Management (Vol 44, 2024). How likely is it that global warming will exceed 3°C in ...

Several people each express their opinion of an uncertain quantity by providing their mean and standard deviation of it. In this paper we discuss the problem of incorporating all these opinions into a ...