In the last Circuit VR we looked at some basic op amp circuits in a simulator, including the non-inverting amplifier. Sometimes you want an amplifier that inverts the signal. That is a 5V input ...

Circuit simulations are great because you can experiment with circuits and make changes with almost no effort. In Circuit VR, we look at circuits using a simulator to do experiments without having to ...

Did you ever wonder how to calculate the stability of an op amp circuit? Put the wrong compensation network into the feedback loop, and you’re got an attenuator or, worse, an oscillator. It’s not ...

The very basics of operational amplifiers. Learn comparator, inverting, and non-inverting op-amp configurations. An operational amplifier, or op amp, is a dc-coupled high-gain electronic voltage ...

An op-amp operates on analog input. It can be used to amplify or attenuate this input, and to carry out mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, integration, and differentiation. Because ...

Though sometimes taken for granted, designers shouldn’t overlook the intricacies of voltage- and current-feedback op amps—integral players in the analog and mixed-signal worlds. Op amps amplify tiny ...

My hands-on introduction to operational amplifiers was in 1969 while in the army as a junior scientist in the Atmospheric Science Laboratory at the White Sands Proving Grounds. We had taken a ...

In our quest to describe the instrumentation amplifier, we began by exploring electromagnetic interference (EMI) and what to do about it. We then examined the basis of instrumentation amplifiers, ...

This is the first part in our series explaining the nature, characteristics, benefits, and caveats of composite amplifiers. The four parts of the series include: Part One: When Cascaded Amplifiers are ...