How do plants breathe through stomata? Key regulators of stomata are plant vacuoles, fluid-filled organelles bound by a single membrane called the tonoplast. Plant vacuoles are fluid-filled organelles ...

A research team has revealed the molecular steps that led to the emergence of this plant-specific vacuolar transport system. Their work shows that the acquisition of this pathway was driven by the ...

Cartoon of the 3D models of the broad bean (right, pink-violet) and the thale cress (left, blue) TPC1 ion channel protein in the vacuole membrane. On the left, Calcium ions (red spheres) in the ...

This illustration shows how the membrane trafficking protein VAMP72 gradually changed during plant evolution to give rise to VAMP727, which functions in transporting storage proteins to vacuoles. The ...