When designing experiments, one is on the lookout for confounds. These are systematic, consistent differences between the experimental and the control conditions, differences that the experimenter is ...

This paper examines the effects of systematic and random errors in recall and of selection bias in case–control studies of mobile phone use and cancer. These sensitivity analyses are based on ...

As artificial intelligence systems grow more advanced, their failures are becoming increasingly unpredictable and chaotic. Recent research, highlighted by Claudius Papirus, introduces the concept of ...

Google announced this fall to much fanfare that it had demonstrated “quantum supremacy” – that is, it performed a specific quantum computation far faster than the best classical computers could ...

In this article, I will show how random errors, legal uncertainties, judicial bias, and application of multiple rules and doctrines affect the probabilities of PTAB invalidation of patents. I will use ...

This book is intended for people who need to combine global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs), inertial navigation systems (INSs), and Kalman filters. Our objective is to give our readers a working ...

An experiment shows that errors in quantum computation can be repeatedly corrected on the fly. Quantum computation without all the noise. The ion-trap chip used for the error-correction scheme holds ...

Rachel Martins explains how she introduced random error into her lab simulations when teaching online physics, to better replicate real-world experiments for her ...