While marine heat waves (MHWs) have been studied at the sea surface for more than a decade, new research published today in Nature has found 80% of MHWs below 100 meters are independent of surface ...

The South China Sea (SCS), a vital marine region supporting rich biodiversity, productive fisheries, and extensive coral reefs, faces growing threats from marine heat waves (MHWs). While surface MHWs ...

Marine heatwaves and cold spells are occurring both on the ocean surface and below, with ocean currents influencing their frequency. While marine heatwaves (MHWs) have been studied at the sea surface ...

Under ongoing global warming, global coastal upwelling systems are increasingly recognized as potential thermal refugia from marine heatwaves, owing to their ability to transport colder subsurface ...